What does the Karvonen formula help determine?

The Karvonen formula is a widely recognized method for calculating an individual's target heart rate during exercise, which is essential for effective cardiovascular training. This formula takes into account the resting heart rate and the desired intensity of the workout, typically expressed as a percentage of the heart rate reserve.

To use the Karvonen formula, you first determine your maximum heart rate (often estimated as 220 minus your age) and your resting heart rate. The difference between these two values is the heart rate reserve. By applying a specific percentage—usually ranging from 50% to 85% for different fitness levels—you can find the target heart rate that is appropriate for training at the desired intensity.

This approach helps ensure that individuals are exercising at a level that is both safe and effective for improving cardiovascular fitness and overall health. Understanding the target heart rate is crucial for personal trainers when designing programs that meet their clients' specific fitness goals. The other options provided, such as body mass index, cognitive function, and maximal oxygen uptake, relate to different aspects of fitness and health measurement but are not determined by the Karvonen formula.