Which two hormones are secreted by the pancreas to manage blood sugar levels?

Insulin and glucagon are the two key hormones secreted by the pancreas that play a critical role in regulating blood sugar levels.

Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to elevated blood sugar levels, such as after eating. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by the body's cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. By promoting the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage in the liver and muscle, insulin helps maintain homeostasis and provides the body with a steady supply of energy.

Glucagon, on the other hand, is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low. Its main role is to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This process raises blood sugar levels, ensuring that the body has sufficient energy resources between meals or during periods of fasting.

Together, insulin and glucagon work in a balanced manner to keep blood sugar levels within a normal range, responding to the body's changing energy needs.